the main objective of this article is evaluation of the simplified models which have been developed for analysis and design of liquid storage tanks. the empirical formulas of these models for predicting maximum sloshing wave height (mswh) are obtained from mass spring models (msm). a finite element modeling (fem) tool is used for investigating the behavior the some selected liquid storage tanks...

We study low frequency waves that propagate in a region of layered semi-convection. Layered semi-convection is predicted to be present in stellar and planetary interiors and can significantly modify the rate of thermal and compositional mixing. We derive a series of analytical dispersion relations for plane-parallel layered semi-convection in the Boussinesq approximation using a matrix transfer...

The characteristics of near-storm environments have been elucidated by several studies of observed soundings near reported tornadoes (Maddox 1976; Kerr and Darkow 1996), all soundings for multiple severe weather hazards during a complete year (Rasmussen and Blanchard 1998), or long-period samples of soundings associated with severe thunderstorms (Craven and Brooks 2004). Meanwhile, much attenti...

A temporally resolved flow visualization system that produces 17 flow images over a time span of 128 microseconds is used to visualize the mixing layers of a Mach 1.28 (M c =0.59) and a Mach 2.06 (M c =0.87) ideally expanded high Reynolds number axisymmetric jets. These image sequences revealed details about the effects of compressibility on the dynamics of turbulence structures. In general, th...

Motivated by recent experimental and numerical results, a simple unifying picture of intermittency in turbulent shear flows is suggested. Integral structure functions (ISF), taking into account explicitly the shear intensity, are introduced on phenomenological grounds. ISF can exhibit a universal scaling behavior, independent of the shear intensity. This picture is in satisfactory agreement wit...

A limited number of studies have examined convective mode and severe weather occurrence (e.g., Trapp et al. 2005, Gallus et al. 2008), but a comprehensive examination of the relationship between convective mode and the near-storm environment was lacking in formal literature. Therefore, an ambitious effort to develop a multifaceted severe storms database began at the Storm Prediction Center (SPC...

Considerable effort in recent decades has focused on near-storm environment interrogation via model-based planar fields (e.g., Stensrud et al. 1997) and model-based proximity soundings in order to discriminate between nontornadic and significant (> F2) tornado environments for supercells (e.g., Thompson et al. 2003, hereafter T03; Thompson et al. 2007). This emphasis in severe environment discr...

Abstract The frequency of European convective windstorms, environments in which they form, and their organizational modes remain largely unknown. A climatology is produced using 10 233 severe wind reports from the Severe Weather Database between 2009 2018. days have increased 50 yr −1 to 117 2018, because an increase reporting. highest occurred across central Europe, particularly Poland. Report...

Global gyrokinetic particle simulation of collisionless trapped electron mode turbulence in toroidal plasmas finds both diffusive and convective electron motion using a Lagrangian analysis. The convective motion is identified using simulation and analytic theory to arise from the conservation of the second invariant when resonant trapped electrons lose kinetic energy to the drift wave. A resona...

Recent observational analysis reveals the central role of three multi-cloud types, congestus, stratiform, and deep convective cumulus clouds, in the dynamics of large scale convectively coupled Kelvin waves, westward propagating two-day waves, and the Madden–Julian oscillation. The authors have recently developed a systematic model convective parametrization highlighting the dynamic role of the...